May 2022

VOlUME 05 ISSUE 05 MAY 2022
Rural Tourism Development in Hoi an, Vietnam; Perceptions of the Community
1Thi Huong Ngo,
2Ngoc Hao Do ,
3 Ngoc Trinh Tran
1The University of Danang, University of Science and Education, Vietnam
2Ph.D. Student in Thai Nguyen University of Economics and Business Administration, Vietnam
3Ph.D. Student in VNU Hanoi University of Social Sciences and Humanities, Vietnam.
DOI : https://doi.org/10.47191/ijsshr/v5-i5-38

Google Scholar Download Pdf
ABSTRACT

Undoubtedly, tourism is growing strongly worldwide, especially in developing countries and rural areas. Tourism has both positive and negative impacts on tourist destinations that link sustainable development's economic, social, and environmental components. The local community's attitude is crucial for future tourism planning, management, and development of a tourism destination. As such, the paper analyzes the attitudes and perceptions of the residents towards tourism development in the rural areas in Hoi A city, Quang Nam province. Questionnaires related to the local demographics, people's assessment of tourism impacts, and their support for future tourism development were sent to 179 households participating in tourism sectors in four rural areas of Hoi A city. Descriptive statistics and principal component analysis were used to analyze the collected data. The results indicate that tourism brings many benefits in all aspects. Culture – society, environment, and education promote residents' support for tourism development.

KEYWORDS:

sustainable development; rural tourism; destination management; residents’ perception; tourism impacts; Hoian.

REFERENCES

1) Alrwajfah, M. M., Almeida-García, F., & Cortés-Macías, R. (2019). Residents’ perceptions and satisfaction toward tourism development: A case study of Petra region, Jordan. Sustainability (Switzerland), 11(7). https://doi.org/10.3390/su11071907

2) Aref, F., & Redzuan, M. (2009). Community Leaders’ Perceptions toward Tourism Impacts and Level of Building Community Capacity in Tourism Development. Journal of Sustainable Development, 2(3). https://doi.org/10.5539/jsd.v2n3p208

3) Aref, F., Redzuan, M., & Gill, S. S. (2009). Community Perceptions toward Economic and Environmental Impacts of Tourism on Local Communities. Asian Social Science, 5(7), 130–137. https://doi.org/10.5539/ass.v5n7p130

4) Asmelash, A. G., & Kumar, S. (2019). The structural relationship between tourist satisfaction and sustainable heritage tourism development in Tigrai, Ethiopia. Heliyon, 5(3), e01335. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e01335

5) Bello, F. G., Carr, N., & Lovelock, B. (2017). Local Residents’ Perceptions of Socio-Cultural Impacts of Tourism in Mangochi, Malawi. Advances in Hospitality and Tourism Research (AHTR), 5(1), 1–22.

6) Blancas, F. J., González, M., Lozano-Oyola, M., & Pérez, F. (2010). The assessment of sustainable tourism: Application to Spanish coastal destinations. Ecological Indicators, 10(2), 484–492. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2009.08.001

7) Brida, J. G., Osti, L., & Faccioli, M. (2011). Residents’ perception and attitudes towards tourism impacts: A case study of the small rural community of Folgaria (Trentino - Italy). Benchmarking, 18(3), 359–385. https://doi.org/10.1108/14635771111137769

8) Buckley, R. (2012). Sustainable tourism: Research and reality. Annals of Tourism Research, 39(2), 528–546. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2012.02.003

9) Budeanu, A. (2005). Impacts and responsibilities for sustainable tourism: A tour operator’s perspective. Journal of Cleaner Production, 13(2), 89–97. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2003.12.024

10) Burgess, S. M., & Steenkamp, J. B. E. M. (2006). Marketing renaissance: How research in emerging markets advances marketing science and practice. International Journal of Research in Marketing, 23(4), 337–356. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijresmar.2006.08.001

11) Byrd, E. T., Bosley, H. E., & Dronberger, M. G. (2009). Comparisons of stakeholder perceptions of tourism impacts in rural eastern North Carolina. Tourism Management, 30(5), 693–703. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2008.10.021

12) Carić, H., & Mackelworth, P. (2014). Cruise tourism environmental impacts - The perspective from the Adriatic Sea. Ocean and Coastal Management, 102(PA), 350–363. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2014.09.008

13) Caroline Ashley and Elizabeth Garland. (1994). Number 4 October 1994 PROMOTING COMMUNITY-BASED TOURISM DEVELOPMENT Why , What and How ? by Caroline Ashley and Elizabeth Garland. 4.

14) Cerutti, A. K., Beccaro, G. L., Bruun, S., Donno, D., Bonvegna, L., & Bounous, G. (2016). Assessment methods for sustainable tourism declarations: The case of holiday farms. Journal of Cleaner Production, 111, 511–519. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2014.12.032

15) Chang, K. G., Chien, H., Cheng, H., & Chen, H. i. (2018). The impacts of tourism development in rural indigenous destinations: An investigation of the local residents’ perception using choice modeling. Sustainability (Switzerland), 10(12). https://doi.org/10.3390/su10124766

16) Choi, H. C., & Murray, I. (2010). Resident attitudes toward sustainable community tourism. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 18(4), 575–594. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669580903524852

17) Collins, F. (2010). Resident perceptions of sustainable tourism development : Frankenwald Nature Park , Germany Ch ’ aska Huayhuaca Stuart Cottrell * and Jana Raadik Sabine Gradl. 3(2), 125–141.

18) De la Torre, G.M.V.; Gutiérrez, E.M.A.; Guzman, T. J. L. G. (2005). Tourism as generator of wealth in rural areas. 18th European Advanced Studies Institute in Regional Science, 49, 1–7.

19) Diedrich, A., & García-Buades, E. (2009). Local perceptions of tourism as indicators of destination decline. Tourism Management, 30(4), 512–521. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2008.10.009

20) Ding, C., & He, X. (2004). K-means clustering via principal component analysis. Proceedings, Twenty-First International Conference on Machine Learning, ICML 2004, 225–232. https://doi.org/10.1145/1015330.1015408

21) Egbali, N., Nosrat, A. B., Khalil, S., & Ali, S. (2011). Effects of positive and negative rural tourism (case study: Rural Semnan Province). Journal of Geography and Regional Planning, 4(2), 63–76. http://www.academicjournals.org/JGRP

22) Eshliki, S. A., & Kaboudi, M. (2012a). Community Perception of Tourism Impacts and Their Participation in Tourism Planning: A Case Study of Ramsar, Iran. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 36(June 2011), 333–341. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.03.037

23) Eshliki, S. A., & Kaboudi, M. (2012b). Community Perception of Tourism Impacts and Their Participation in Tourism Planning: A Case Study of Ramsar, Iran. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 36(June 2011), 333–341. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.03.037

24) Eshliki, S. A., & Kaboudi, M. (2017). Perception of Community in Tourism Impacts and their Participation in Tourism Planning: Ramsar, Iran. Journal of ASIAN Behavioural Studies, 2(4), 59. https://doi.org/10.21834/jabs.v2i4.207

25) Gannon, M. J., Baxter, I. W. F., Collinson, E., Curran, R., Farrington, T., Glasgow, S., Godsman, E. M., Gori, K., Jack, G. R. A., Lochrie, S., Maxwell-Stuart, R., MacLaren, A. C., MacIntosh, R., O’Gorman, K., Ottaway, L., Perez-Vega, R., Taheri, B., Thompson, J., & Yalinay, O. (2017). Travelling for Umrah: destination attributes, destination image, and post-travel intentions. Service Industries Journal, 37(7–8), 448–465. https://doi.org/10.1080/02642069.2017.1333601

26) Garau, C. (2015). Perspectives on cultural and sustainable rural tourism in a smart region: The case study of Marmilla in Sardinia (Italy). Sustainability (Switzerland), 7(6), 6412–6434. https://doi.org/10.3390/su7066412

27) Giannakis, E. (2014). the Role of Rural Tourism on the Development of Rural Areas: the Case of Cyprus. Romanian Journal of Regional Science, 8(1), 38–53.

28) Gkoumas, A. (2019). Evaluating a standard for sustainable tourism through the lenses of local industry. Heliyon, 5(11), e02707. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e02707

29) Gómez, L. A. E. (2019). Residents’ opinions and perceptions of tourism development in the historic city of Toledo, Spain. Sustainability (Switzerland), 11(14). https://doi.org/10.3390/su11143854

30) Gursoy, D., & Kendall, K. W. (2006). Hosting mega events. Modeling Locals’ Support. Annals of Tourism Research, 33(3), 603–623. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2006.01.005

31) Gursoy, D., Ouyang, Z., Nunkoo, R., & Wei, W. (2019). Residents’ impact perceptions of and attitudes towards tourism development: a meta-analysis. Journal of Hospitality Marketing and Management, 28(3), 306–333. https://doi.org/10.1080/19368623.2018.1516589

32) Halstead, L. (2003). Making community-based tourism work: An assessment of factors contributing to successful community-owned tourism development in Caprivi, Namibia. Scenario, 264(60). http://www.the-eis.com/data/RDPs/RDP60.pdf

33) Harun, R., Chiciudean, G. O., Sirwan, K., Arion, F. H., & Muresan, I. C. (2018). Attitudes and perceptions of the local community towards sustainable tourism development in Kurdistan Regional Government, Iraq. Sustainability (Switzerland), 10(9). https://doi.org/10.3390/su10092991

34) Hong Pham, L. (2014). The Perceived Impacts of Tourism: The Case of Ha Long Bay, Vietnam. International Journal of Tourism Sciences, 14(2), 145–169. https://doi.org/10.1080/15980634.2014.11434695

35) Huayhuaca, C., Cottrell, S., Raadik, J., & Gradl, S. (2010). Resident perceptions of sustainable tourism development: Frankenwald nature park, Germany. International Journal of Tourism Policy, 3(2), 125–141. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJTP.2010.034207

36) Johnson, J. D., Snepenger, D. J., & Akis, S. (1994). Residents’ perceptions of tourism development. Annals of Tourism Research, 21(3), 629–642. https://doi.org/10.1016/0160-7383(94)90124-4

37) Juma, L. O., & Khademi-Vidra, A. (2019). Community-Based Tourism and Sustainable Development of Rural Regions in Kenya; Perceptions of the Citizenry. Sustainability, 11(17), 4733. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11174733

38) Kaiser, H. F. (1974). An index of factorial simplicity. Psychometrika, 39(1), 31–36. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02291575

39) Karim, A. H. M. Z. (2017). People’s Perception of the Socio-Cultural and Environmental Impacts of Tourism in Malaysia: A Community-Reflective Study. Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal, 4(14), 213–219. https://doi.org/10.14738/assrj.414.3488

40) Kostalova, B. (2017). Tourism Impact and Residents’ Perspectives: The Case of Zell am See - Kaprun. May, 130.

41) Kunasekaran, P., & Gill, S. S. (2012). Local Communities’ Perception on Rural Tourism. Global Journal of Human Social Science, 12(1), 2–7.

42) Lane, B. (1994). Sustainable rural tourism strategies: A tool for development and conservation. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 2(1–2), 102–111. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669589409510687

43) Lankford, S. V., & Howard, D. R. (1994). Developing a tourism impact attitude scale. Annals of Tourism Research, 21(1), 121–139. https://doi.org/10.1016/0160-7383(94)90008-6

44) Li, H., & Hou, L. (2011). Evaluation on sustainable development of scenic zone based on Tourism Ecological Footprint: Case study of Yellow Crane Tower in Hubei province, China. Energy Procedia, 5, 145–151. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.egypro.2011.03.026

45) Liu, Z. (2003). Sustainable tourism development: A critique. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 11(6), 459–475. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669580308667216

46) Long, P. H. (2012). Cañizares, S.M.; Núñez Tabales, J.M.; García, F.; Fernando, J. Local residents’ attitudes towards the impact of tourism development in Cape Verde. Tour. Manag. Stud. 2014, 10, 87–96. Asian Social Science, 8(8), 28–39. https://doi.org/10.5539/ass.v8n8p28

47) Lopes, H. D. S., Remoaldo, P., & Ribeiro, V. (2019). Residents’ perceptions of tourism activity in a rural North-Eastern Portuguese community: a cluster analysis. Bulletin of Geography. Socio-Economic Series, 46(46), 119–135. https://doi.org/10.2478/bog-2019-0038

48) Mbaiwa, J. E. (2004). The success and sustainability of community-based natural resource management in the okavango delta, botswana. South African Geographical Journal, 86(1), 44–53. https://doi.org/10.1080/03736245.2004.9713807

49) Mbiyu, M. (2014). Analysis of Destination Image Formation among Foreign Travel Intermediaries : The Case of Terrorism Events in Kenya. 1–59.

50) Mohammadi, M. (2010). local people perceptions toward social,economic and environmental impacts of tourism in Kermanshah (Iran). Asian Social Science, 6(11), 220–225. https://doi.org/10.5539/ass.v6n11p220

51) Mohammadi, M., & Hosseini, M. H. (2010). Local Community Attitudes Toward Social and Economic Impacts of Tourism : A Case Study of Bisotun , Iran. 11(9), 1170–1176.

52) Muresan, I. C., Harun, R., Arion, F. H., Oroian, C. F., Dumitras, D. E., Mihai, V. C., Ilea, M., Chiciudean, D. I., Gliga, I. D., & Chiciudean, G. O. (2019). Residents’ perception of destination quality: Key factors for sustainable rural development. Sustainability (Switzerland), 11(9), 1–21. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11092594

53) Muresan, I. C., Oroian, C. F., Harun, R., Arion, F. H., Porutiu, A., Chiciudean, G. O., Todea, A., & Lile, R. (2016). Local residents’ attitude toward sustainable rural tourism development. Sustainability (Switzerland), 8(1), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.3390/su8010100

54) Ngowi, R. E., & Jani, D. (2018). Residents’ perception of tourism and their satisfaction: Evidence from Mount Kilimanjaro, Tanzania. Development Southern Africa, 35(6), 731–742. https://doi.org/10.1080/0376835X.2018.1442712

55) Olya, H. G. T., & Gavilyan, Y. (2017). Configurational Models to Predict Residents’ Support for Tourism Development. Journal of Travel Research, 56(7), 893–912. https://doi.org/10.1177/0047287516667850

56) Peters, M., Chan, C. S., & Legerer, A. (2018). Local perception of impact-attitudes-actions towards tourism development in the urlaubsregion murtal in Austria. Sustainability (Switzerland), 10(7). https://doi.org/10.3390/su10072360

57) Pulido-Fernandez, J. I., & Lopez-Sanchez, Y. (2014). Perception Of Sustainability Of A Tourism Destination: Analysis From Tourist Expectations. International Business & Economics Research Journal (IBER), 13(7), 1587. https://doi.org/10.19030/iber.v13i7.8908

58) Quyen, L. T. T., & Khanjanusthiti, P. (2015). The cultural impact of tourism development in a dong hoa hiep local community, Cai Be District, Vietnam. Asian Social Science, 11(18), 203–214. https://doi.org/10.5539/ass.v11n18p203

59) Ramseook-Munhurrun, P., & Naidoo, P. (2011). Residents’ Attitudes Toward Perceived Tourism Benefits. International Journal of Management and Marketing Research, 4(3), 45–56.

60) Scheyvens, R., & Russell, M. (2012). Tourism and poverty alleviation in Fiji: Comparing the impacts of small- and large-scale tourism enterprises. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 20(3), 417–436. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2011.629049

61) Sharpley, R. (2000). Tourism and sustainable development: Exploring the theoretical divide. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 8(1), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669580008667346

62) Snaith, T., & Haley, A. (1999). Residents’ opinions of tourism development in the historic city of York, England. Tourism Management, 20(5), 595–603. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0261-5177(99)00030-8

63) Teye, V., Sirakaya, E., & F. Sönmez, S. (2002). Residents’ attitudes toward tourism development. Annals of Tourism Research, 29(3), 668–688. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0160-7383(01)00074-3

64) Virginia, W., & Hall, P. (2012). An Assessment of Residentsâ•Ž Attitudes towards Tourism Development in Marshall County, West Virginia. Proceedings of the 2012 Northeastern Recreation Research Symposium, 1–6.

65) Ward, C., & Berno, T. (2011). Beyond social exchange theory. Attitudes toward tourists. Annals of Tourism Research, 38(4), 1556–1569. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2011.02.005

66) Zamani-Farahani, H., & Musa, G. (2008). Residents’ attitudes and perception towards tourism development: A case study of Masooleh, Iran. Tourism Management, 29(6), 1233–1236. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2008.02.008

67) Zhang, M., Xiaoli, P., & Bihu, W. (2012). Research on residents’ perceptions on tourism impacts and attitudes: a case study of Pingyao Ancient City. "6th Conference of the International Forum on Urbanism (IFoU): TOURBANISM, 1–10.

68) Zhu, H., Liu, J., Wei, Z., Li, W., & Wang, L. (2017). Residents’ attitudes towards sustainable tourism development in a historical-cultural village: Influence of perceived impacts, sense of place and tourism development potential. Sustainability (Switzerland), 9(1). https://doi.org/10.3390/su9010061

69) Zolfani, S. H., Sedaghat, M., Maknoon, R., & Zavadskas, E. K. (2015). Sustainable tourism: A comprehensive literature review on frameworks and applications. Economic Research-Ekonomska Istrazivanja, 28(1), 1–30. https://doi.org/10.1080/1331677X.2014.995895

VOlUME 05 ISSUE 05 MAY 2022

Indexed In

Avatar Avatar Avatar Avatar Avatar Avatar Avatar Avatar Avatar Avatar Avatar Avatar Avatar Avatar Avatar Avatar